ارزیابی ایمنی جاده ای با تاکید بر پارامترهای محیطی: مسیر دهگلان به سنندج

Extended Abstract

Introduction

The functionality and advancement of modern society heavily rely on road networks, which are among the most critical infrastructures. Any damage to these networks can impose additional strain on other systems, especially during emergencies. As the most widespread and accessible mode of freight and passenger transportation, road networks are exposed to a broad spectrum of natural and human-induced hazards. Extreme weather conditions or natural disasters can significantly disrupt transportation systems. Natural hazards such as floods, landslides, earthquakes, and tsunamis can severely impact the ability of transportation networks to provide safe, efficient, and accessible mobility. Various road hazards are associated with multiple climatic, hydrological, and geomorphological factors. In this context, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) serve as a valuable tool for assessing road-related hazards with an environmental approach by integrating spatial and descriptive attributes of the surrounding environment.



Research Methodology

This study evaluates road safety along the Dehgolan-Sanandaj route using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) based on climatic variables. The analysis incorporates key influencing criteria, including climatic data, land use, and physiographic characteristics. Six critical factors—slope, aspect, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), land cover, precipitation, and frost—were selected. Each criterion was extracted using ArcGIS 10.8.2 and standardized according to its nature. Subsequently, the AHP method was applied to determine the relative importance of each factor in relation to road hazard risks.



Findings

The analysis of factor importance reveals that slope exerts the greatest influence on the occurrence of road-related environmental hazards, while land use has the least impact. The findings indicate that the majority of the studied route falls within low-slope and very low-risk classes, predominantly covering agricultural land. According to Table 5, approximately 57% of the route is classified as very low risk, 2% as low risk, and 5% as moderate risk. However, due to the presence of high-gradient mountain passes along the Dehgolan-Sanandaj corridor, about 10% of the route falls into the high-risk category, while 25% of the route is classified as very high risk.



Conclusion

The occurrence of environmental hazards such as floods, landslides, and avalanches along intercity and interprovincial roads results in significant human and financial losses. To mitigate these damages and enhance safety levels, hazardous zones must be identified, assessed, and analyzed using various environmental parameters. In this study, the Dehgolan-Sanandaj road safety assessment was conducted through hazard zoning based on climatic, topographic, and land cover factors. The results of the zoning analysis indicate that 56.43% of the route falls into the very low-risk category, 2.17% into the low-risk category, 5.41% into the moderate-risk category, 10.74% into the high-risk category, and 25.23% into the very high-risk category. Furthermore, the findings reveal that low-risk zones primarily correspond to slopes between 0% and 10%, covering approximately 76% of the route. Conversely, very high-risk zones are concentrated at elevations above 2000 meters, where steep gradients and mountain passes are prevalent. These high-risk areas account for approximately 1% of the route's total surface.



Extended Abstract

Introduction

The functionality and development of modern society are highly dependent on road networks, which are among the most critical infrastructures. Any damage to these networks can exert additional pressure on other systems, particularly in emergency situations. As the most extensive and accessible mode of freight and passenger transportation, road networks are exposed to a wide range of natural and human-induced hazards. Extreme weather conditions and natural disasters can significantly disrupt transportation systems. Hazards such as floods, landslides, earthquakes, and tsunamis severely impact the ability of transportation networks to provide safe, efficient, and accessible mobility. Many road-related hazards are influenced by climatic, hydrological, and geomorphological factors. In this context, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) serve as an effective tool for assessing road hazards from an environmental perspective by integrating spatial and descriptive environmental attributes.



Research Methodology

This study evaluates road safety along the Dehgolan-Sanandaj route using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) based on climatic variables. Key influencing criteria, including climatic data, land use, and physiographic characteristics, were incorporated into the analysis. Six major factors—slope, aspect, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), land cover, precipitation, and frost—were selected for assessment. Each of these criteria was extracted using ArcGIS 10.8.2 and standardized according to its specific characteristics. The AHP method was then applied to determine the relative significance of each factor in relation to road hazard risks.



Findings

The results indicate that among the selected criteria, slope has the most significant impact on the occurrence of road-related environmental hazards, while land use has the least effect. The findings reveal that the majority of the studied route falls within low-slope and very low-risk classes, predominantly covering agricultural land. According to the classification, approximately 57% of the route is categorized as very low risk, 2% as low risk, and 5% as moderate risk. However, due to the presence of high-gradient mountain passes along the Dehgolan-Sanandaj corridor, about 10% of the route is classified as high risk, while 25% is categorized as very high risk.



Conclusion

Environmental hazards such as floods, landslides, and avalanches in intercity and interprovincial road networks cause significant human and financial losses. To mitigate these risks and enhance safety levels, hazardous areas must be identified, analyzed, and monitored using various environmental parameters. This study utilized climatic, topographic, and land cover criteria to conduct hazard zoning and assess the safety of the Dehgolan-Sanandaj route. The findings indicate that 56.43% of the route falls into the very low-risk category, 2.17% into the low-risk category, 5.41% into the moderate-risk category, 10.74% into the high-risk category, and 25.23% into the very high-risk category. Additionally, the results show that the low-risk zones are primarily located in areas with slopes of 0–10%, covering approximately 76% of the route. Conversely, very high-risk zones are concentrated at elevations above 2000 meters, where steep gradients and mountain passes are predominant, covering about 1% of the total route.