بررسی مؤلفه‌های مؤثر بر جریان‌های جمعیتی در تعادل بخشی فضایی مجموعه شهری قزوین تأکید بر حمل‌ونقل منطقه‌ای

A B S T R A C T
Studying and evaluating the main factors affecting the commuting patterns of conurbation, by taking environmental potentials, population, existing status, activity poles, population centers, traffic volume, and transportation into account to analyze the observations, data, documentation, and information obtained from relevant organizations. Accordingly, this research has evaluated the towns and villages of the Qazvin conurbation with the help of four factors of average household size, average household income, average unit price of housing, and activity rate. Considering the spatial structure of connection networks, location and distance of towns from the city center (Qazvin) and the rate of changes of the factors have been analyzed. The type of present research is applied, the paradigm governing the research space is also of a positivist nature, the purpose or approach of the research attained with the help of analyzing data and information is descriptive as well. In terms of research strategy, our research benefits from deductive reasoning. In terms of method, it uses mixed method. Accordingly, in order to change the commuting pattern, we know that the volume of transportation is in direct relationship with spatial balancing of the structure of the Qazvin conurbation with the factors of household income. The price of newly built housing units and the rate of activity, and it is in inverse relationship and with the household factor. Therefore, the spatial mobility of the population from the surrounding towns to Qazvin and Alvand is high.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Considering the high number of employees in industrial service sector in Qazvin conurbation as well as the existence of numerous problems such as air pollution, high population density and high unemployment, traffic and lack of optimal utilization of agricultural and tourism capacities, non-balanced distribution pattern of service activities and the identification of capability points seems necessary in the transition from the main centers of activity towards these sub-centers in order to decentralize, and transfer the population and workers from the main centers to these points to improve the economic, social and biological conditions. In this regard, there is a need for analyzing the amount of population mobility in the Qazvin conurbation due to the lack of balanced distribution of activities in the region, low activity in peripheral towns, and the price of housing units and so on. There are many factors in creating the uncompetitive space in a conurbation. In terms of the importance, the impact of factors, the study of the factors of previous research and theoretical framework related to the area, the four main factors of household income, the prices of newly built housing units, household size, and activity rates with respect to distance from the city center (Qazvin city) have been studied.
Methodology
The present study is of an applied nature, due to direct encounter with the sample and analysis of its changes based on existing foundations. The paradigm of the research space is positivist. The approach is descriptive by analyzing data. In terms of the research strategy we are dealing with a kind of deductive reasoning. Its method also is a mixed method, the research required data be collected and analyzed by the above criteria. In this regard, using quantitative methods, four factors are considered as the main index: analyzing the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) in SPSS, the correlation coefficients of the factors are calculated relative to the distance from the central city. Finally, with the help of these analyses, the process of factor changes is shown in relation to the distance from the central city. From a spatial perspective, the investigated factors are represented spatially using the ArcGIS tool. In demographic network analysis, with the help of network analysis, a graphical representation of circles and lines is used. Circles are also used to display points, factors, and lines to show the relationship between these points. This method has been used to analyze the network of transportation and infrastructure of Qazvin conurbation in order to show the amount of connections and spatial mobility in this area, analysis of the distribution of spatial mobility, and the amount of connection between community centers and activities. At the end of this process, the proposed spatial structure of the area has been addressed.
Results and discussion
Considering the analysis of the change in household size and the distance from the center, and the average household income, it can be concluded that the household size in the cities of Qazvin and Alvand is lower than the other towns. On the other hand, the average income in these two cities is higher than cities that are far from a central city. It also indicates that families with a high average income are located in central cities with fewer family members. It can be said that the amount of income does not necessarily contribute to the rise of the population. In the cities of Qazvin and Mohammadiyeh, the cost of buying a housing unit is higher than the other towns, and the city of Qazvin has a very high activity rate due to its central role in economic, political and other fields. The rate of activity of the city of Mohammadiyeh is lower than the other cities due to the newness of the city, and its role of dormitory. Other cities generally located far from the city center, have a low activity rate, and a lower price for the housing unit.
Conclusion
This will change the population courses in all cities and leads to some kind of spatial imbalance in the conurbation. The main reasons for this are so many, but most of them are related to housing and employment. The factors of the average household income, the price of the housing unit, the activity rate, and the household size are part of other factors that are used to analyze the network. The amount of population flow in conurbations is also used to measure the amount of commuting and spatial mobility to analyze the distribution of spatial mobility. Accordingly, it has changed the volume of transportation (vehicles) contributing to the balance in the structure of Qazvin urban complex which has a direct relationship with the factors of household income, the price of new housing units and the rate of activity. It has also a reverse relationship with the household dimension factor. For this reason, the population mobility from peripheral cities to Qazvin and Alvand is high. What is outlined in the analysis is that low-income and large households have been settled in far-away towns with lower housing unit prices. Because of the low rates of activity in the towns such as Bidestan, Sharafiyeh, Eghbaliyeh, and Mohammadiyeh, the population mobility direction has been from such towns to the cities with a high concentration of activities like Alvand and Qazvin.
 
Funding
There is no funding support.
 
Authors’ Contribution
Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.
 
Conflict of Interest
Authors declared no conflict of interest.
 
Acknowledgments
 We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.