دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی جغرافیا و توسعه فضایی 3060-7523 1 4 2024 12 26 Physical Development of Marvdasht and the Role of the Sugar Factory in its Formation and Development Process توسعه فیزیکی شهر مرودشت و نقش کارخانه قند در شکل گیری و روند توسعه آن 1 22 3816 10.22098/gsd.2025.17148.1083 FA مسعود احمدی گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر، کرمان، ایران حسین غضنفرپور گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر، کرمان، ایران بهنام مغانی رحیمی گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر، کرمان، ایران Journal Article 2024 08 01 A B S T R A C T The city of Marvdasht, as an industrial-identity city, owes its formation and development to the activities of the sugar factory. Influencing spatial, social, and economic transformations, the factory has become a historical-cultural symbol and a cornerstone of urban identity. This study aims to analyze the historical role of the sugar factory in Marvdasht’s urban development, its impact on urbanization, infrastructure development, and socio-economic changes. Employing a mixed-method approach (historical, qualitative, and spatial analysis), this research utilizes archival data, field interviews with 25 long-term residents, and Sentinel-2 and Google Earth Pro satellite imagery (1985–2025) analyzed through ArcGIS software.The sugar factory acted as the initial core, shaping the city’s linear and horizontal expansion patterns. The urban area expanded from 96 hectares (1935) to 1,970 hectares (2023), while the population grew from 8,987 (1956) to 148,858 (2016). Key outcomes include the establishment of worker neighborhoods (e.g., Ferdowsi, Farhang), infrastructure development (schools, water and electricity networks), and the reinforcement of collective identity. Interviews reveal the factory’s enduring presence as the "beating heart of the city" in residents’ collective memory. The Marvdasht sugar factory transcended its economic role, emerging as a pivotal element in shaping historical identity, sustainable development, and collective memory. Preserving this industrial heritage and integrating it into urban planning can strengthen the city’s identity and dynamism. Marvdasht’s development stems from the complex interplay of industrial (sugar factory), geographical (proximity to Persepolis), and economic (agricultural prosperity) factors. Extended Abstract Introduction Urbanization and sustainable development challenges are central to global agendas, as highlighted in the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Industrial activities, despite environmental concerns, remain pivotal in shaping cities, particularly in developing regions. Marvdasht, an industrial city in southern Iran, exemplifies this dynamic. Its development has been profoundly influenced by the Marvdasht Sugar Factory, established in 1935. This factory has not only driven economic growth but also shaped the city’s spatial, demographic, and socio-cultural identity. This study investigates the historical role of the sugar factory in Marvdasht’s urban development, focusing on its impact on spatial structure, infrastructure, and socio-economic transformations. Methodology This research employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating historical analysis, qualitative fieldwork, and spatial mapping using GIS. Archival records, municipal reports, and satellite imagery (1985–2025) were analyzed to trace urban expansion. Semi-structured interviews with 25 elderly residents provided insights into the factory’s socio-cultural impact. Spatial data from historical maps and satellite images (Google Earth Pro, Sentinel-2 L2A) were processed in ArcGIS to visualize growth patterns across six historical periods. Quantitative data, including census reports (1956–2016) and municipal plans, were used to map demographic and infrastructural changes. Thematic analysis of interviews identified recurring narratives related to identity, labor, and urban transformation. Results and discussion The sugar factory emerged as the nucleus of Marvdasht’s urbanization. Its establishment in 1935 triggered rapid population influx, with the city’s population growing from 8,987 (1956) to 148,858 (2016). Urban expansion followed a radial pattern, radiating northward and westward around the factory, forming neighborhoods like the Workers’ District. The city’s area grew from 96.3 hectares (pre-factory era) to 1,978.9 hectares (2020s), driven by industrial demand and migrant labor. Economically, the factory generated over 2,000 direct jobs and spurred ancillary industries (e.g., packaging, transport), contributing to 40% of the city’s GDP by the 1970s. Socially, the factory fostered a cohesive identity among residents. Interviews revealed that 80% of participants associated the factory with "pride" and "collective memory," citing its iconic chimney and annual labor festivals as cultural symbols. Spatial analysis showed that 65% of residential areas developed within a 2 km radius of the factory, reinforcing its centrality. However, post-2000 deindustrialization led to urban sprawl, with new neighborhoods expanding into agricultural land, raising sustainability concerns. The findings align with global studies on industrial heritage (Guitart, 2022; Bole et al., 2022), emphasizing the duality of factories as economic engines and cultural landmarks. Marvdasht’s spatial patterns reflect Christaller’s central place theory, with the factory serving as a service hub for 53 surrounding villages. Comparative analysis with Zonguldak, Turkey (Gündoğdu & Fidan, 2022), highlights shared challenges in balancing industrial decline with heritage preservation. Conclusion The Marvdasht Sugar Factory has been instrumental in transforming a rural-agrarian landscape into a thriving industrial city. Its influence extends beyond economics, embedding itself in the city’s historical and cultural fabric. However, unchecked post-industrial sprawl threatens ecological balance and cultural continuity. To address this, the study proposes three strategies: Adaptive reuse: Convert factory sites into cultural centers or museums to preserve heritage. For instance, repurposing the factory’s machinery halls as art galleries or community workshops could mirror successful models like the Tate Modern in London or the Zeche Zollverein in Germany, blending history with contemporary utility. Industrial tourism: Develop guided tours highlighting the factory’s role in Iran’s industrialization. Collaborations with schools and historians could create educational trails, while augmented reality (AR) apps might overlay historical footage onto current structures, enhancing visitor engagement. Green infrastructure: Integrate abandoned industrial zones into urban green corridors. Planting native species like Persian oak or establishing urban farms could mitigate heat islands, while pedestrian pathways would reconnect fragmented neighborhoods, fostering social cohesion. These measures could reconcile growth with sustainability, offering a model for post-industrial cities globally. Further research should explore the role of digital tools (e.g., VR) in revitalizing industrial memory—such as virtual reconstructions of the factory’s operational peak—and compare Marvdasht’s trajectory with similar cities in Asia (e.g., Ahmedabad’s textile mills) and Africa (e.g., Johannesburg’s mining landscapes). Additionally, partnerships with NGOs and local stakeholders could ensure inclusive planning, prioritizing marginalized communities affected by deindustrialization. By intertwining preservation, innovation, and ecology, Marvdasht can redefine its identity while honoring its industrial legacy. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. شهر مرودشت به‌عنوان شهری با هویت صنعتی، شکل‌گیری و توسعه خود را مدیون فعالیت کارخانه قند است. این کارخانه با تأثیرگذاری بر تحولات فضایی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی، به نمادی تاریخی-فرهنگی و محور هویت شهری تبدیل‌شده است. پژوهش حاضر به تحلیل نقش تاریخی کارخانه قند در روند توسعه شهر مرودشت، تأثیر آن بر شهرنشینی، توسعه زیرساخت‌ها و تغییرات اجتماعی-اقتصادی می‌پردازد. این مطالعه با روش ترکیبی (تاریخی، کیفی و تحلیل فضایی) و استفاده از داده‌های اسنادی، مصاحبه‌های میدانی با ۲۵ ساکن قدیمی و تحلیل تصاویر ماهواره‌ای سنتینل 2 و گوگل ارث پرو (۱۹۸۵–۲۰۲۵)، در نرم‌افزار ArcGIS انجام شد.کارخانه قند به‌عنوان هسته اولیه، الگوی گسترش خطی و افقی شهر را شکل داد. مساحت شهر از ۹۶ هکتار (۱۳۱۴) به ۱٬۹۷۰ هکتار و جمعیت از ۸٬۹۸۷ نفر (۱۳۳۵) به ۱۴۸٬۸۵۸ نفر (۱۳۹۵) افزایش یافت. ایجاد محله‌های کارگری (فردوسی، فرهنگ)، توسعه زیرساخت‌ها (مدارس، شبکه آب و برق) و تقویت هویت جمعی از دستاوردهای این کارخانه بود. مصاحبه‌ها نشان می‌دهد کارخانه قند به‌عنوان «قلب تپنده شهر»، در خاطره ساکنان نقش بسته است.کارخانه قند مرودشت نقشی فراتر از یک بنگاه اقتصادی داشته و به عنصری کلیدی در شکل‌گیری هویت تاریخی، توسعه پایدار و خاطره جمعی تبدیل‌شده است. حفظ این میراث صنعتی و ادغام آن در برنامه‌ریزی شهری، به تقویت هویت و پویایی شهر کمک می‌کند. توسعه مرودشت حاصل تعامل پیچیده عوامل صنعتی (کارخانه قند)، جغرافیایی (هم‌جواری با تخت جمشید) و اقتصادی (رونق کشاورزی) بوده است

https://gsd.uma.ac.ir/article_3816_feac24d7f483bfeb8e011ee0af921153.pdf

دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی جغرافیا و توسعه فضایی 3060-7523 1 4 2024 11 26 Exploring Urban Health in District Four of Qom: The Impact of Environmental Indicators on Citizens’ Quality of Life and Well-being کاوش در سلامت شهری منطقه چهار قم، تأثیر شاخص‌های محیطی بر کیفیت زندگی و رفاه شهروندان 23 37 3818 10.22098/gsd.2025.17369.1086 FA علی مهدی گروه جغرافیای انسانی و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2024 08 01 A B S T R A C T The historical significance and importance of cities and urban life have compelled rulers and thinkers throughout the ages to reflect on both the physical and spiritual dimensions of the city. They have sought to understand the governing principles of urban life, plan accordingly, and propose solutions for urban problems. In this regard, urban health—particularly influenced by environmental quality indicators—has become a critical issue, especially in recent years as urban health challenges have intensified. The growing body of scientific and practical literature in recent years clearly reflects the increased recognition of the importance of urban health by urban planners, managers, and social policymakers. This study is based on both library and field research using a descriptive-analytical and survey methodology. Data was collected through questionnaires and field observations by the author, focusing on District Four as the study area. For data analysis, SPSS version 16 and LISREL software were used. The results of the mean ranks indicate that the best-performing sub-indicator according to citizens is, respectively, physical health, mental health, and lastly, social health. The average rank scores of these sub-indicators are 2.53, 1.95, and 1.52, respectively. Moreover, the comparison of mean ranks shows that the highest average (2.53) pertains to physical health, meaning that this sub-indicator is in a better state compared to the other two in District Four. In fact, the most significant urban health challenge facing the citizens of this district is social health. Extended Abstract Introduction In recent decades, the concept of urban health has gained considerable prominence as a fundamental component of sustainable urban development. Urban health goes beyond the mere physical well-being of individuals; it encompasses psychological, social, and mental dimensions that are heavily influenced by the surrounding urban environment. Among the various urban attributes, environmental, physical, and visual qualities are recognized as critical factors shaping residents' health outcomes. This study aims to explore the role of these three dimensions in shaping urban health within District Four of Qom City—a densely populated and underserved area facing issues such as deteriorating urban fabric, lack of quality public spaces, inadequate service infrastructure, and weak visual identity. In various scholarly sources, both the internal and external environmental settings are jointly examined and analyzed in relation to human health and quality of life. Accordingly, the quality of indoor environments, alongside outdoor environmental quality, has emerged as a significant concern impacting the physical and mental well-being and overall welfare of residents—particularly within the broader discourse of sustainable development. Urban environmental quality is inherently a multidimensional concept encompassing the physical, spatial, economic, and social dimensions of the urban environment. This quality can be assessed from multiple perspectives, including urban physical planning, infrastructural conditions, economic impacts, governmental policies, public beliefs, and prevailing social realities. Many scholars in urban studies regard environmental quality as a core component of overall quality of life. From this perspective, environmental quality represents a subset of life quality and includes all the factors that contribute to human satisfaction with their living environment. Methodology The research employs a descriptive-analytical methodology with a survey-based approach. The statistical population includes residents of District Four, from whom data were collected through simple random sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used as the primary data collection tool, with face validity confirmed and internal consistency verified through Cronbach’s alpha. The indicators assessed fall into three main dimensions: physical (e.g., street quality, lighting, service accessibility, and physical safety), environmental (e.g., pollution levels, green coverage, and natural ventilation), and visual (e.g., facade harmony, visual identity, and spatial legibility). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software through regression analysis, correlation tests, and t-tests. Results and discussion The results indicate that physical and environmental qualities have the most significant impact on residents' perceptions of urban health, while visual quality is strongly correlated with psychological well-being. Residents living in decayed or visually disordered areas reported higher levels of stress, insecurity, and dissatisfaction. Conversely, access to public services, availability of green spaces, and a coherent urban landscape were associated with increased levels of perceived wellness and social comfort. Moreover, findings emphasize the negative effects of spatial inequality, outdated infrastructure, and lack of human-centered design on urban health indicators in the study area. The study concludes that effective urban planning in marginalized districts must prioritize enhancing environmental and physical qualities, restoring visual coherence, and institutionalizing spatial justice as a guiding principle. Health-oriented urban design, development of high-quality public spaces, integrated environmental management, and visual improvement strategies are proposed as key pathways to improve urban health and foster social capital in District Four of Qom City. Conclusion The conclusion of this research from the fourth district of Qom city shows that environmental quality, physical and visual, is considered an important determinant of health in various mental, physical and social dimensions, and medical science also emphasizes the undeniable role of social forces in determining and structuring common disease patterns in each society. It is believed that any successful intervention to improve health and hygiene is impossible without understanding the environmental and spatial conditions. In order to understand the differences between developed and developing countries in paying attention to the issue of urban health affected by environmental factors, it is worth mentioning that currently, continuous studies on the effects of environmental factors on urban health are always considered as one of the influential variables in the development and progress of northern countries. This is an issue that does not have much place in developing countries. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. قدمت و اهمیت شهرو شهرنشینی دادر، صاحبان قدرت و اندیشمندان همه اعصار را واداشته تا بر جنبههای مختلف جسم و ورح شهر درنگ کنند و بکوشند قانونمندیهای زندگی شهری را دریابند و بر پایه یافتههای خود به برنامهریزی شهری دست یازند و برای حل مسائل و مشکلات شهر و شهرنشینی چارهجویی نمایند. براین اساس، مقوله سلامت شهری تحت تأثیر شاخص‌های کیفیت محیطی، موضوعی است که بویژه در سالهای اخیر با افزایش مسائل و مشکلات سلامت شهروندان، مورد توجه و اهمیت قرار گرفته است. بطوریکه روند رو به شد منابع و یافتههای علمی و اجرایی در سالهای گذشته کاملا مؤید درک جایگاه سلامت شهری از سوی برنامهریزان، مدیران و سیاستگذاران عرصه شهری و اجتماعی است. این پژوهش، مبتنی بر مطالعات کتابخانهای و میدانی با روش توصیفی- تحلیل و پیمایشی و با بهرهگیری از دادههای پرسشنامه و مشاهدات میدانی نگارنده(منطقه چهار به عنوان محدودة پژوهش) انجام شده است. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات گردآوری شده، از نرم افزار 16spss و Lisrel استفاده شده است و نتایج میانگین رتبهها در این پژوهش نشان میدهد که بهترین زیرشاخص از نظر شهروندان به ترتیب سلامت جسمانی، روانی و در آخر اجتماعی است. میانگین رتبه این زیرشاخصها به ترتیب 2.53، 1.95 و 1.52 است. همچنین مقایسه میانگین رتبهها نشان میدهد که بالاترین میانگین رتبه (2.53) به زیرشاخص سلامت جسمانی اختصاص دارد و که بدین معناست که این زیرشاخص نسبت به دو زیرشاخص دیگر سلامت در منطقه چهار از وضعیت بهتری برخوردار است و در واقع مهم‌ترین چالش سلامت پیش‌روی شهروندان منطقه چهار سلامت اجتماعی میباشد.

https://gsd.uma.ac.ir/article_3818_1b77c8e1999469a0694ccb44af6a565e.pdf

دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی جغرافیا و توسعه فضایی 3060-7523 1 4 2024 12 27 Analysis and Pathology of Social Issues in Immigrant and Native Neighborhoods of Gorgan City تحلیل و آسیب‌شناسی بر مسائل اجتماعی مناطق مهاجر و بومی‌نشین شهر گرگان 39 57 3846 10.22098/gsd.2025.17368.1085 FA جمال محمدی گروه جغرافیای انسانی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران معصومه مهدیان بهنمیری گروه جغرافیای انسانی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران Journal Article 2024 08 02 A B S T R A C T With the advancement of social sciences in Iran and the growth of sociology with an urban studies approach, a suitable foundation has been established for examining and analyzing complex social and urban issues. Among the most important and frequently discussed issues is the phenomenon of social harm, which, due to its multidimensional nature, is recognized both as a consequence and a contributing factor to other forms of dysfunction in urban society. Social harms such as addiction, unemployment, marginalization, divorce, delinquency, and poverty are not only outcomes of structural problems but also act as catalysts for secondary issues within the community. One of the factors that has intensified these harms in recent decades is the rise in internal migration—especially labor migration. This research, using a fieldwork-based approach, focuses on the impact of labor migration on the emergence of social harms in Gorgan, one of the most migration-prone cities in Iran. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using statistical tests such as Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The results show that among immigrants, due to a noticeable weakness in their social, economic, and cultural status, the level of social harms is significantly higher compared to native residents. In conclusion, the study offers recommendations to strengthen urban planning, develop targeted social services, and enhance the social resilience of immigrant communities. Extended Abstract Introduction Cities play a crucial role as hubs of population concentration, economic activity, and cultural interaction. With increasing internal and external migration to urban areas, immigrant neighborhoods have formed alongside native-born neighborhoods, exhibiting significant differences in social, economic conditions, and social harms. Understanding these differences is vital for urban policy-making and improving residents’ living conditions. This study investigates the socioeconomic disparities and the extent of social harms between native and immigrant neighborhoods in the city of Gorgan. Urban and social studies highlight that migration and social cohesion in immigrant neighborhoods, especially in developing cities, present specific challenges. Sociological urban theories such as social division of labor, urban inequality, and social deviance provide a suitable framework for analyzing the data. Previous research indicates that immigrant neighborhoods face more social problems such as unemployment, poverty, crime, and insecurity, often linked to poor economic conditions and weak support networks. Methodology The present study is of an applied type and its research method, which is based on case study, is descriptive-analytical. In this regard, with the aim of studying and investigating the extent of harm and existing social issues from the perspective of citizens of immigrant and indigenous areas of Gorgan city (research area), first, using library studies, the theoretical foundations related to the subject were reviewed, and then, in order to obtain the required data from citizens, a field survey method was used, so that 322 questionnaires based on the Cochran model were randomly distributed and completed among the statistical population under study in each of the regions during 3 months of the summer of 1403. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the instrument and the internal consistency of the questions. This coefficient was obtained in the measures of social harm, parent-child relationships, and quality of leisure time as 0.86, 0.78, and 0.88, respectively, which indicates acceptable reliability. Validity and Reliability The content of the questionnaire has also been approved by professors, experts, and specialists. Finally, the current situation of the region in terms of various social harms has been described using SPSS software and Pearson, t-test, and Kruskal-Wallis H tests to analyze the data obtained. Results and discussion Results reveal that immigrant neighborhoods have lower economic indicators, higher unemployment rates, and lower education levels compared to native neighborhoods. The incidence of social harms such as crime, addiction, and insecurity is significantly higher in immigrant areas. The findings highlight a considerable social and economic gap between the two groups, related to cultural, economic, and structural factors. Social networks and support systems were found to be stronger in native neighborhoods, potentially contributing to lower social harms there. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that immigrants in Gorgan face worse socioeconomic conditions than natives, leading to increased social harms. Urban policymakers should design comprehensive and targeted programs to improve employment, education, social services, and security in immigrant neighborhoods to enhance their quality of life. Additionally, strengthening social cohesion and support networks is crucial. Future studies may explore psychological and cultural factors influencing these disparities more deeply Conclusion The results of this study indicate that there is a negative relationship between parent-child relationships and the quality of leisure time with the tendency to social harm. The results of the questionnaire analysis indicate that about 73 percent of immigrant families living in Gorgan city stated financial constraints as the main obstacle to the low quality of their family's leisure time. In fact, the high cost of living and the lack of sufficient income in recent years have caused family members of urban immigrants in Gorgan to participate in several shifts and different jobs in order to provide for themselves and their families, which is why they do not pay much attention to the quality of their leisure time. Other findings of this study include the difference in the tendency to social harm among groups with different social bases, such that the lower the social base of individuals, the higher the incidence of social harm. Accordingly, issues and problems such as drug addiction and drug sales, conflict and wickedness, moral corruption, etc. are more common in lower social classes. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. با گسترش دانش اجتماعی در ایران و رشد جامعه‌شناسی با رویکرد مطالعات شهری، بستر مناسبی برای بررسی و تحلیل مسائل پیچیده اجتماعی و شهری فراهم‌شده است. یکی از مهم‌ترین و پرتکرارترین این مسائل، مقوله آسیب‌های اجتماعی است که به دلیل ماهیت چندبعدی خود، هم به‌عنوان پیامد و هم به‌عنوان زمینه‌ساز سایر نابسامانی‌ها در جامعه شهری شناخته می‌شود. یکی از برجسته‌ترین و درعین‌حال نگران‌کننده‌ترین این مسائل، پدیده آسیب‌های اجتماعی است که به‌عنوان عاملی چندوجهی، ریشه در عوامل مختلف فرهنگی، اقتصادی، روانی و محیطی دارد. آسیب‌های اجتماعی مانند اعتیاد، بیکاری، حاشیه‌نشینی، طلاق، بزهکاری، و فقر، نه‌تنها پیامد مشکلات ساختاری‌اند بلکه خود نیز منشأ بروز مشکلات ثانویه در جامعه هستند. از جمله عواملی که در دهه‌های اخیر بر تشدید این آسیب‌ها تأثیر گذاشته، مهاجرت‌های گسترده داخلی، به‌ویژه مهاجرت کارگری، بوده است. پژوهش حاضر با رویکردی میدانی و با تمرکز بر تأثیر مهاجرت کارگری بر بروز آسیب‌های اجتماعی در شهر گرگان، به‌عنوان یکی از مهاجرپذیرترین شهرهای ایران، انجام‌شده است. داده‌ها از طریق پرسش‌نامه گردآوری و با استفاده از آزمون‌های آماری مانند کروسکال-والیس، کای‌اسکوئر و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون تحلیل‌شده‌اند. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که در میان مهاجران، به دلیل ضعف محسوس در پایگاه اجتماعی، اقتصادی و فرهنگی، میزان آسیب‌های اجتماعی به‌طور معناداری بالاتر از ساکنان بومی است. در پایان، پیشنهادهایی در جهت تقویت برنامه‌ریزی شهری، توسعه خدمات اجتماعی هدفمند و افزایش تاب‌آوری اجتماعی مهاجران ارائه‌شده است.

https://gsd.uma.ac.ir/article_3846_a30dad64ea844b3c8540e9bd520f364f.pdf

دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی جغرافیا و توسعه فضایی 3060-7523 1 4 2024 12 27 A Systematic Review of Urban Development Direction Analysis Using Machine Learning Algorithms مروری سیستماتیک بر تحلیل جهات توسعه شهری با استفاده از الگوریتم یادگیری ماشین 59 75 3817 10.22098/gsd.2025.16837.1081 FA خلیل الرحمن حیدری گروه شهرسازی،دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه یزد، یزد ، ایران محسن رفیعیان گروه شهرسازی،دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه یزد، یزد ، ایران محمد رضا نقصان محمدی گروه شهرسازی،دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه یزد، یزد ، ایران Journal Article 2024 08 02 Extended Abstract Introduction In recent decades, the rapid trends of urbanization and urban development have posed significant challenges for urban planning and management. These challenges include the management of resources and infrastructure, the quality of life of citizens, and the preservation of the environment. Given the accelerating growth of cities, identifying the patterns and key factors influencing urban development is essential for predicting and improving future trends. The application of machine learning algorithms—recognized as a branch of artificial intelligence—has created new opportunities in the analysis and modeling of urban development. Urban development is influenced by various economic, social, and environmental factors, and accurately predicting it is of great importance to policymakers and urban planners. Despite technological advancements and the increasing availability of big data, analyzing and modeling these trends remain challenging. Integrating multidimensional data—including spatial, social, and economic data—and analyzing them through machine learning methods can provide a deeper understanding of urban development. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of various machine learning algorithms in analyzing urban development directions and identifying the associated challenges and opportunities. Specifically, this research aims to: Assess the accuracy and performance of different algorithms in predicting urban development. Analyze the integration of machine learning algorithms with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and satellite imagery. Investigate the challenges and limitations of using these methods in urban studies. Methodology In this study, MAXQDA software was used to conduct a systematic content analysis of research articles related to the analysis of urban development directions using machine learning algorithms. After preparing and importing the selected articles into the software, the coding process was carried out in three stages: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. Using MAXQDA’s qualitative and quantitative analysis tools—such as Word Frequency, Code Matrix Browser, and Comparison Diagram—key concepts, relationships between codes, and methodological differences were examined. To ensure the validity and reliability of the analysis, peer review and Cohen’s Kappa coefficient were employed. Finally, the findings were organized into themes and patterns, and compared with the existing literature to develop a conceptual framework for analyzing urban development. Results and discussion The results of this study indicate that algorithms such as Random Forest (RF), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and Support Vector Machines (SVM) play a significant role in predicting urban development. Integrating these algorithms with tools such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and satellite image analysis has enhanced modeling accuracy. However, challenges remain, including data quality issues, appropriate parameter selection, and the computational complexity of these models. Conclusion This study highlights that machine learning can serve as a powerful tool for forecasting and analyzing urban development trends. Nevertheless, improving model accuracy and reducing prediction errors require the use of hybrid approaches and higher-quality data. The findings of this research can assist urban policymakers in formulating optimal strategies for sustainable development. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. A B S T R A C T Urban development is one of the most dynamic socio-economic and environmental processes, with far-reaching impacts on human societies and the environment. Analyzing the directions of urban expansion—especially in areas experiencing rapid urban growth and demographic changes—is crucial for efficient resource management and sustainable planning. This study aims to examine the role of machine learning algorithms in analyzing and predicting urban development trends, with a particular focus on their integration with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and satellite imagery. A systematic search was conducted in databases such as Google Scholar and Scopus, covering the period from 2006 to 2024. From the reviewed literature, 83 articles were selected and analyzed. MAXQDA software was used for data analysis, enabling the identification and classification of key concepts. The selection of articles was based on criteria such as journal credibility, research methodology, and relevance to the topic. The data were coded and categorized using qualitative content analysis in MAXQDA. The results indicated that integrating machine learning algorithms with GIS improved the accuracy of urban development prediction by 10% to 40% compared to traditional models. Among the studied methods, the Random Forest model outperformed Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). This study, through a systematic review and comparative analysis of machine learning algorithms, demonstrates that combining these methods with spatial data and satellite imagery can significantly enhance the accuracy of urban development modeling. توسعه شهری یکی از پویاترین فرایندهای اجتماعی، اقتصادی و زیست‌محیطی است که تأثیرات گسترده‌ای بر جوامع انسانی و محیط‌زیست دارد. بررسی و تحلیل جهات توسعه شهری، به‌ویژه در مناطقی که با رشد سریع شهری و تغییرات جمعیتی مواجه هستند، برای مدیریت کارآمد منابع و برنامه‌ریزی پایدار اهمیت بسیاری دارد. هدف این پژوهش، بررسی نقش الگوریتم‌های یادگیری ماشین در تحلیل و پیش‌بینی روندهای توسعه شهری با تأکید بر ترکیب آن‌ها با سیستم‌های اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS) و تصاویر ماهواره‌ای است. با جستجو در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی مانند Google Scholar و Scopus در بازه زمانی ۲۰۰۶ تا ۲۰۲۴، به نتایج متنوعی دست یافتیم. از میان مقالات بررسی‌شده، ۸۳ مقاله انتخاب و تحلیل شدند. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها از نرم‌افزار MAXQDA استفاده شد که امکان شناسایی و طبقه‌بندی مفاهیم کلیدی را فراهم کرد. مقالات بر اساس معیارهایی همچون اعتبار مجلات، روش‌شناسی پژوهش و ارتباط با موضوع انتخاب شدند. داده‌ها با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی در نرم‌افزار MAXQDA کدگذاری و دسته‌بندی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از ترکیب الگوریتم‌های یادگیری ماشین و GIS، دقت پیش‌بینی توسعه شهری را بین 10٪ تا 40٪ نسبت به مدل‌های سنتی بهبود بخشید است. همچنین، در بین روش‌های موردبررسی، مدل جنگل تصادفی عملکرد بهتری نسبت به ماشین بردار پشتیبان و شبکه عصبی مصنوعی داشته است. این مطالعه با ارائه یک مرور سیستماتیک و تحلیل مقایسه‌ای الگوریتم‌های یادگیری ماشین، نشان می‌دهد که ترکیب این روش‌ها با داده‌های مکانی و تصاویر ماهواره‌ای می‌تواند دقت مدل‌سازی توسعه شهری را بهبود بخشد..

https://gsd.uma.ac.ir/article_3817_a472849fa24bda3d57ac7f64e5b919cc.pdf

دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی جغرافیا و توسعه فضایی 3060-7523 1 4 2024 12 28 Investigating factors affecting villagers' participation in earthquake crisis management: A case study of Harris County بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر مشارکت روستائیان پیرامون مدیریت بحران زلزله مطالعه موردی: شهرستان هریس 77 90 3895 10.22098/gsd.2025.17629.1088 FA حمدالله سجاسی قیداری گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران محمد رفعت اصل گروه برنامه‌ریزی شهری و روستایی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران Journal Article 2024 08 03 A B S T R A C T Earthquakes are among the most destructive natural disasters, often resulting in extensive human and financial losses, especially in rural communities. Consequently, public management, community participation, cooperation, and effective coordination with governmental and relief organizations play a vital role in crisis control. This study aims to explore the key factors influencing public participation in earthquake-related crisis management. This research is applied in purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The statistical population consists of the heads of rural households in the villages of Baje Baj, Kivij, Chobanlar, Valilo, and Jighe in Harris County, which experienced the most severe damage during the 2012 Arasbaran earthquake. Out of a total of 485 households, a sample of 373 participants was selected using Cochran’s formula. Data were collected through both library research and field surveys. In the field study, questionnaires were administered directly to household heads. To assess the reliability of the instrument, a pilot survey was conducted with 30 respondents, and the resulting Cronbach’s alpha was 0.897, indicating high internal consistency. Exploratory factor analysis was employed to analyze the data. The findings revealed that the social factor had the highest explanatory power, accounting for 85.12% of the total variance, while the physical factor had the lowest contribution, at 12.6%. Moreover, all variables demonstrated factor loadings above 0.4, confirming their significance in the model. Extended Abstract Introduction Earthquakes are among the most devastating natural disasters, posing a serious threat to sustainable community development. Beyond their immediate destruction, they bring about widespread social, physical, and economic losses across the globe. Rural settlements, often lacking robust infrastructure and economic resilience compared to urban areas, are particularly vulnerable to these impacts. This heightened vulnerability underscores the importance of identifying and assessing potential risks in order to reduce casualties and financial losses through effective crisis management and preparedness. This study focuses on exploring the factors that influence rural residents’ participation in earthquake crisis management in villages across East Azerbaijan Province. Various elements have been identified as contributing to either active involvement or lack of engagement in disaster response efforts. Given the significance of this issue, the research specifically aims to uncover the key drivers of rural community participation in crisis management related to earthquakes in Heris County. Methodology The present study is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-analytical in nature. The statistical population of the study consists of the heads of rural households in Harris County. Therefore, villages were selected as samples for the study that had the highest amount of damage in the 2012 Arasbaran earthquake and were the villages of Baje Baj, Kivij, Chobanlar, Velilo, and Jighe, which included 485 households. The sample size was estimated at 373 people based on the Cochran formula. In order to examine the theories of this community and to determine the factors affecting the participation of villagers in earthquake crisis management, two methods of library and field studies were used. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the entire questionnaire was calculated using SPSS software. In order to calculate reliability, 30 questionnaires were first distributed among the sample. The reliability of the entire questionnaire was estimated to be 0.897 based on Cronbach's alpha. Exploratory factor analysis was used to analyze the data obtained from the questionnaire. Conclusion The KMO index value was found to be greater than 0.60, indicating that the sample size was adequate for conducting factor analysis. Moreover, the significance level of Bartlett’s test was less than 0.05, confirming that the correlation matrix was not an identity matrix and that meaningful relationships existed among the variables. Through this analysis, seven key factors were identified—namely social, economic and environmental, institutional and ecological, cooperation and mutual aid, housing reinforcement, infrastructural, and physical factors—which together accounted for 67.59% of the total variance. Among these, the social factor explained the largest portion of the variance (12.85%), while the physical factor contributed the least (12.6%). The results also showed that all variables had factor loadings greater than 0.40, confirming their relevance within their respective components. Specifically, for the social factor, the variables with the highest loadings were “awareness of earthquake preparedness techniques provided by architects and local councils” (0.71) and “participation in providing emergency shelter for victims” (0.62). For the economic and environmental factor, the top variables were “accepting expert opinions regarding construction materials” (0.85) and “maintaining close, friendly relations with local authorities” (0.82). Within the institutional and ecological factor, the variables “residing in safe areas designated by local authorities” (0.65) and “cooperating with local councils in reinforcement initiatives” (0.62) had the highest impact. In the domain of cooperation and mutual aid, the variable “volunteering with relief teams during rescue operations” showed the strongest influence (0.78). As for the housing reinforcement factor, the use of “modern and durable construction materials” scored highest (0.76), while in the infrastructural factor, “collaboration with engineers in implementing new foundation techniques” had the highest loading (0.75). Lastly, in the physical factor, “manual labor in implementing development projects” (0.64) emerged as the most influential variable. These findings highlight the complex interplay of social, technical, and institutional dynamics in shaping rural participation in earthquake crisis management. Results and discussion The KMO index value was found to be greater than 0.60, indicating that the sample size was adequate for conducting factor analysis. Moreover, the significance level of Bartlett’s test was less than 0.05, confirming that the correlation matrix was not an identity matrix and that meaningful relationships existed among the variables. Through this analysis, seven key factors were identified—namely social, economic and environmental, institutional and ecological, cooperation and mutual aid, housing reinforcement, infrastructural, and physical factors—which together accounted for 67.59% of the total variance. Among these, the social factor explained the largest portion of the variance (12.85%), while the physical factor contributed the least (12.6%). The results also showed that all variables had factor loadings greater than 0.40, confirming their relevance within their respective components. Specifically, for the social factor, the variables with the highest loadings were “awareness of earthquake preparedness techniques provided by architects and local councils” (0.71) and “participation in providing emergency shelter for victims” (0.62). For the economic and environmental factor, the top variables were “accepting expert opinions regarding construction materials” (0.85) and “maintaining close, friendly relations with local authorities” (0.82). Within the institutional and ecological factor, the variables “residing in safe areas designated by local authorities” (0.65) and “cooperating with local councils in reinforcement initiatives” (0.62) had the highest impact. In the domain of cooperation and mutual aid, the variable “volunteering with relief teams during rescue operations” showed the strongest influence (0.78). As for the housing reinforcement factor, the use of “modern and durable construction materials” scored highest (0.76), while in the infrastructural factor, “collaboration with engineers in implementing new foundation techniques” had the highest loading (0.75). Lastly, in the physical factor, “manual labor in implementing development projects” (0.64) emerged as the most influential variable. These findings highlight the complex interplay of social, technical, and institutional dynamics in shaping rural participation in earthquake crisis management. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. زلزله یکی از مهم‌ترین بلایای طبیعی است که خسارات مالی و جانی فراوانی را در مناطق روستایی را به همراه دارد. به همین دلیل مدیریت، مشارکت‌ها و همکاری‌های مردمی و ارتباط آن‌ها با نهادها و ارگان‌های امدادی و دولتی نقش بسزایی در کنترل بحران خواهد داشت. ازاین‌رو، پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی عوامل تأثیرگذار بر مشارکت‌های مردمی در مدیریت بحران با موضوعیت زلزله انجام‌شده است. پژوهش حاضر ازلحاظ هدف کاربردی و بر اساس ماهیت توصیفی – تحلیلی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش را سرپرستان خانوارهای روستایی باجه باج، کیویج، چوبانلار، ولیلو، جیقه شهرستان هریس تشکیل می‌دهد که بیشترین مقدار آسیب را در زلزله سال 91 ارسباران دیدند. تعداد 485 خانوار را شامل می‌شد. حجم نمونه بر اساس فرمول کوکران 373 نفر برآورد شد. به‌منظور بررسی نظریات این جامعه و جهت تعیین بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر مشارکت روستائیان پیرامون مدیریت بحران زلزله، از دو شیوه مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی بهره گرفته شد. در بخش مطالعات میدانی با مراجعه به سرپرستان خانوار، اقدام به گردآوری اطلاعات موردنیاز گردید. به‌منظور محاسبه پایایی، 30 پرسشنامه بین نمونه توزیع گردید و آلفای کرونباخ 897/0 برآورد گردید. به‌منظور تحلیل داده‌ها، از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی بهره گرفته شد. نتایج طبق عوامل استخراج‌شده نشان داد که عامل اجتماعی با ۱۲/۸۵ درصد بیشترین سهم و عامل کالبدی با ۶/۱۲ درصد کمترین سهم را در تبیین واریانس کل متغیرها داشته‌اند. درنهایت نتایج حاصل از تحلیل نشان داده که تمامی متغیرها دارای بار عاملی بیشتر از 4/0 بوده‌اند.

https://gsd.uma.ac.ir/article_3895_cd309f4d3f6723aee708cb5a349c5b7e.pdf

دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی جغرافیا و توسعه فضایی 3060-7523 1 4 2024 12 29 An Analysis of the Impact of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) on Urban Transportation in the Metropolis of Tabriz تحلیلی بر تأثیر استفاده از فناوری‌های حمل‌ونقل هوشمند (ITS) در حمل‌ونقل شهری کلان‌شهر تبریز 91 107 3897 10.22098/gsd.2025.17367.1084 FA کرامت اله زیاری گروه جغرافیای انسانی و برنامه‌ریزی، دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران سعید قاسمی گروه هنر و معماری، دانشکده معماری، واحد علوم تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نیشابور، ایران. Journal Article 2024 08 04 A B S T R A C T Transportation and the quality of its services have a direct role in the quality of life and economic, social, and cultural interactions of people. Due to its functional importance and the significant role it has long held, transportation is recognized in urban planning literature as the lifeline of a city. Accordingly, modern cities, considering the passage of time and their evolving needs, require updating and the adoption of new systems and technologies. ITS, or Intelligent Transportation Systems, is one such technology that positively impacts urban transportation in various cities. Therefore, this topic was examined from different aspects in the metropolis of Tabriz. The present study is applied research with a descriptive-analytical and survey-based methodology, conducted through library and field studies within the east-west corridor of the BRT users in Tabriz. The results, analyzed using SPSS version 16, indicate that despite some deficiencies, dissatisfactions, and significant issues stemming from the novelty of the system, the current status regarding ITS technology, the functioning of ITS, the performance of relevant executive agencies, achievement of sustainable development indicators, and especially crisis management using ITS in this city is relatively favorable. Extended Abstract Introduction Various solutions have been proposed to address traffic problems in the cities of our country, with Tabriz serving as an example. Among these solutions, alongside initiatives such as establishing the BRT system (Bus Rapid Transit) as part of the public transportation network, the use of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) has become increasingly important. Currently, with the growing focus on concepts like e-government, e-city, e-municipality, and e-citizenship, ITS has turned into a significant topic in urban management. In recent years, the need to save and conserve energy, reduce air pollution, and revive sustainable urban development has further increased attention toward issues related to the electronic city. The use of ITS is now an undeniable necessity in urban studies, especially for large cities. This study examines the implementation of ITS in the east-west corridor of Tabriz’s BRT system, focusing on the following questions: What is the current status of ITS implementation in the metropolis of Tabriz? What impact has the use of ITS had on transportation in the metropolis of Tabriz? How satisfied are the citizens with the smart transportation system in the city Methodology The present study is applied research, and its research method is descriptive-analytical and survey-based. Accordingly, after reviewing the concepts and foundations related to the research topic, data were collected using library studies and fieldwork. Specifically, reviewing documents and records provided a general understanding, while conducting interviews helped capture citizens' views and demands regarding the quality of public transportation (BRT). The study population consists of public transportation users in the east-west corridor of the metropolis of Tabriz (the research area). The use of documentary studies on the implementation of ITS systems, along with a questionnaire survey conducted among 384 citizens (based on Cochran’s sampling model), form the two main stages of the field study Results and discussion The overall results of citizens’ responses regarding the impact of intelligent transportation on sustainable urban development show that most of the mentioned items scored above the average level. This indicates that urban intelligent transportation has an effective and positive influence on sustainable urban development. Another part of the study’s results reveals a good compatibility between Tabriz’s urban transportation system and the concept of intelligent transportation systems. In other words, based on various findings of this research, it can be concluded that today the intelligent urban transportation system, considering its various sub-components, has had a positive impact on the transportation network of the metropolis of Tabriz. One of the most important reasons for this positive impact and compatibility is its beneficial effect on urban crisis management in this city. In this regard, modern technologies can be utilized to enhance the role of the transportation network during crisis situations. To investigate the impact of intelligent transportation technologies on urban crisis management in the metropolis of Tabriz, 19 items were examined, and the results of the non-parametric Chi-square test indicate that intelligent transportation technologies have a statistically significant impact on crisis management in Tabriz at the 0.01 significance level Conclusion The results based on citizens’ responses indicate that intelligent transportation technologies are beneficial for all social groups, and the performance of the implementing organizations has also been effective in this regard. All of these factors ultimately represent an improvement in the transportation system and a positive performance of intelligent transportation in the city of Tabriz. However, some weaknesses were observed, particularly related to access to major administrative and commercial centers, insufficient daily traffic condition updates, and limited information about the stations within the intelligent transportation system. Additionally, citizen satisfaction with intelligent transportation technology was another focus of this study. The results show a relatively good level of satisfaction among citizens, with the highest satisfaction related to the higher speed of intelligent transportation systems compared to traditional urban transportation modes, as well as their reasonable cost compared to other transportation systems. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. حمل‌ونقل و کیفیت ارائه خدمات آن نقش مستقیمی در کیفیت زندگی و تعاملات اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی مردم دارد و این مهم بر اساس اهمیت کارکردی وظیفه مهمی که از دیرباز بر روش خود داشته، در ادبیات برنامه‌ریزی شهری با عنوان شاهرگ حیاتی شهر شناخته می‌شود. بر این اساس، شهرهای امروزی، با توجه به روند گذر زمان و احتیاجات خود، نیازمند به‌روزرسانی و استفاده از دستگاه‌ها و فناوری‌های نوین هستند. ITS یا سیستم هوشمند حمل‌ونقل شهری، یکی از همین موارد است که تأثیر مثبتی بر حمل‌ونقل شهری شهرهای مختلف دارد. ازاین‌رو، موضوع مذکور در کلان‌شهر تبریز از ابعاد مختلف موردبررسی قرار گرفت. پژوهش حاضر از نوع کاربردی و روش تحقیق در آن نیز توصیفی- تحلیلی و پیمایشی، بر اساس مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی در محدودة شرق به غرب کاربران BRT شهر تبریز صورت گرفته است. نتایج این مطالعه که با استفاده از نرم‌افزار 16SPSS مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرارگرفته است، نشان می‌دهد علی‌رغم وجود برخی از کاستی‌ها، نارضایتی‌ها و مشکلات بسیار مهمی که ناشی از نو بودن این سیستم دارد، در حال حاضر وضعیت نسبتاً مناسبی در زمینه فناوری حمل‌ونقل هوشمند، چگونگی عملکرد فناوری حمل‌ونقل هوشمند، عملکرد دستگاه‌ها و نهادهای اجراییِ ذی‌ربط با حمل‌ونقل هوشمند، دستیابی به شاخص‌های توسعه پایدار و به‌ویژه مدیریت بحران با استفاده از ITS در این شهر وجود دارد.

https://gsd.uma.ac.ir/article_3897_4de28943e5f61d9a4703718d94055ed7.pdf