دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی جغرافیا و توسعه فضایی 3060-7523 1 3 2024 11 04 Simulation Analysis of Urban Pedestrian Pathways and Their Impact on Sense of Place Using Space Syntax Method: A case study of Rasht Urban Pedestrian Pathway تجزیه‌وتحلیل شبیه‌سازی پیاده راه شهری و تاثیرآن بر حس تعلق به مکان به روش چیدمان فضایی مطالعه موردی: پیاده راه شهری رشت 1 19 3677 10.22098/gsd.2025.15148.1075 FA نیلوفر جنت پور گروه معماری، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت ایران امیررضا کریمی آذری گروه معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران حسین صفری گروه معماری، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت ایران Journal Article 2024 05 30 A B S T R A C T In the present era, due to the separation from the culture and heritage of the past and the use of pure geometric shapes and cubic forms in architecture, spaces devoid of differentiation in quality, mystery, and meaning have emerged. Urban open spaces play a crucial role in creating meaning within the environment. The existence of urban open spaces that hold qualities such as meaning within their structure enhances human interaction and consequently leads to the formation of a sense of place attachment. The main objective of this research is to analyze the impact of urban pedestrian pathways on individuals' sense of belonging through simulation. The research strategy is quantitative-qualitative. Data analysis was conducted using the Space Syntax method within the context of Rasht’s urban pedestrian pathway. Data processing was performed in UCL Depth Map 10 software. The results indicate that the sense of belonging in the pedestrian pathway is influenced by the legibility factor, which plays a key role in fostering a sense of security and, ultimately, strengthening the sense of belonging. The correlation coefficient of legibility was found to be lower than 0.4, and regarding the analysis of overall connectivity, the correlation coefficient (R2), excluding the 3 km radius, was 0.46, indicating a moderate presence of these parameters within the study area. Therefore, to improve the conceptual quality of this pathway, attention and reconsideration in its design are required. Extended abstract Introduction In an effort to enhance the quality of urban spaces, this paper emphasizes the sense of belonging as a fundamental component in the formation of meaning and identity within the environment and analyzes its presence in urban pedestrian pathways. This study explores the significance of the sense of belonging and place attachment within a public, cultural, and social space. The central pedestrian pathway of Rasht, located in Municipality Square, has been selected for analysis due to its rich sensory and symbolic meanings, as well as its valuable social, physical, and functional characteristics, to examine its impact on fostering a sense of place attachment. It appears that the transformation of the physical fabric of this square and its surrounding streets into a pedestrian-friendly urban space has contributed to an increased sense of belonging to this location. Accordingly, this research seeks to address the question: To what extent has the development of an urban pedestrian pathway influenced the sense of belonging among the residents of Rasht? The study adopts the Space Syntax Theory, which, based on spatial and physical characteristics, enables the analysis of urban spatial structures. In this context, the interactions and social behaviors within the pedestrian pathway have been assessed using DepthMap software through the space syntax method. This analysis evaluates key factors such as legibility, urban fabric dispersion, accessibility, route selection, and duration of presence in the space, all of which are crucial in shaping a sense of belonging. Methodology The research strategy adopted in this study follows a quantitative-qualitative approach. Data collection is conducted through two main methods: library research and spatial syntax analysis. The foundation for these analyses is prepared using AutoCAD software for map processing and refinement, making it suitable for further analysis in DepthMap10 software. In this study, achieving the research objectives involves extracting data from the case study analysis using DepthMap software, applying Space Syntax Theory, and subsequently categorizing, analyzing, and integrating the data for a comprehensive interpretation. Additionally, to enhance the study’s validity, visual assessments have been conducted through direct observation using the Gate method, wherein specific points on the map have been identified and examined. Among various spatial syntax analytical methods, including Isovist, Convex, Visibility, and Axial Line Analysis, the Axial Line Analysis method has been selected as the most suitable approach for this study. Results and discussion The data indicate that the presence of factors such as legibility, safety, accessibility, and comfort contributes to the formation of a dynamic and vibrant pathway (Shia et al., 2013: 22). Furthermore, route dynamism and the presence of such factors enhance social interactions and vitality (Akbarzadeh et al., 2016: 128). As a result, individuals' presence in urban pedestrian zones allows them to perceive the urban environment more closely, leading to a coherent interpretation and memory formation of their living space. Consequently, this process strengthens the sense of place and fosters a sense of belonging (Ghorbani & Jam Kasra, 2010: 59). In the present study, the correlation analysis of urban fabric distribution and depth correlation of the map, which represents the level of accessibility within the studied area, yielded a value above 0.4, indicating a high level of accessibility across the city. In contrast, the correlation analysis of movement perception, associated with urban legibility, resulted in a low value of 0.16, suggesting poor quality in this aspect within the study area. The findings of this study highlight the weakness of the legibility factor, as evident in the collected data. Additionally, in terms of safety and distance from crime-prone areas, the Choice factor—which was analyzed to assess the frequency of use and the presence of individuals in the area—yielded a low value of 0.06, further indicating the poor quality of safety, similar to the findings on legibility in the studied area. Conclusion In the process of urban design, there is a need for tools that can systematically and coherently simulate effective steps aligned with design objectives and predict the outcomes of these measures before implementation. In response to this necessity, innovative methods have been introduced, among which Space Syntax is considered a reliable approach for achieving this goal. The present study has demonstrated that urban transformations can be interpreted through this method. Overall, the data do not indicate a significant impact of this pedestrian pathway on fostering a sense of place attachment among the residents of Rasht. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. در عصر حاضر به دلیل جدایی از فرهنگ و میراث گذشتگان و استفاده از احجام خالص و مکعب شکل در معماری، مکان‌هایی بدون تفاوت در کیفیت و رمز و راز شکل گرفتند. فضاهای باز شهری سبب شکل‌گیری معنا در محیط می‌شود. وجود فضاهای باز شهری که دارای کیفیتی چون معنا در کالبد خود هستند، قابلیت تعامل انسانی را تقویت می‌نمایند و درنتیجه سبب شکل‌گیری احساس تعلق به مکان می‌گردند. هدف اصلی این پژوهش تحلیل تأثیرگذاری پیاده راه شهری بر حس تعلق افراد به روش شبیه‌سازی می‌باشد. راهبرد این پژوهش کمی-کیفی است. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از روش چیدمان فضا (Space Syntax) و در محدوده پیاده راه شهری رشت صورت گرفته است. در این روش آنالیز داده‌ها در نرم‌افزار UCL Depth Map 10 انجام پذیرفته است. داده‌ها نشان داده‌اند که احساس تعلق موجود در مسیر پیاده راه شهری فاکتور خوانایی که مؤثر در زمینه شکل‌گیری احساس امنیت و در نهایت تقویت احساس تعلق می‌باشد دارای ضریب همبستگی پایین‌تر از 4/0 بوده و همچنین در زمینه تحلیل هم پیوندی کل به‌جز (شعاع 3 کیلومتر) ضریب هم‌بستگی (R2) 46/0 بوده که نشانگر متوسط بودن حضور این پارامترها در محدوده موردمطالعه می‌باشد. درنتیجه برای ارتقا کیفیت مفهومی این مسیر نیاز به توجه و بازبینی در طراحی این پیاده راه می‌باشد.

https://gsd.uma.ac.ir/article_3677_943cd4e73630c8e08e6ce5f7cc566898.pdf

دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی جغرافیا و توسعه فضایی 3060-7523 1 3 2024 11 04 Development of Nomadic Tourism among the Ilson Nomads of Sardabeh Rural District, Ardabil County توسعه گردشگری عشایری در بین عشایر ایلسون دهستان سردابه شهرستان اردبیل 21 39 3806 10.22098/gsd.2025.16436.1071 FA حسن بخشی زاده گروه تاریخ و جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران. Journal Article 2024 05 30 A B S T R A C T The cultural manifestations of nomadic life have influenced all aspects of Iran throughout history, and today, despite all these developments, the cultural manifestations of nomadism have been preserved as a traditional life, especially in certain regions. The proposed framework and strategy for the various nomadic regions of the country should be fully presented in accordance with the potential and actual talents of the region. Given the increasing interest of tourists in tourism in remote nomadic spaces and considering the potential facilities available in the nomadic areas of Ardabil city, nomadic tourism has great potential for tourism development and planning. The main objective of this research is to investigate the possibility of planning nomadic tourism in Sardabeh village located on the slopes of Sabalan. The research method used is interactive planning using a participatory rural assessment approach, which uses unguided interview, guided interview, and observation methods to collect information. According to the research findings, in the field of rural and nomadic tourism, tourism has not been a successful development project; tourism development has stagnated due to the lack of government support; Tourism has grown without planning; residents do not support the development of tourism due to the negative effects of tourism in villages and countryside; the lack of tourism planning has always been and continues to be; tourism has positive effects on the economy and development of the village. The results of the research show that the development of tourism services in nomadic areas has the same positive and negative effects and challenges of rural tourism, and with planning and cultural work, its negative effects and challenges can be reduced and its benefits increased. Extended Abstract Introduction The nomadic community is one of the three urban, rural and nomadic communities of the country, whose development can play a significant role in rural and urban development, given the proximity of nomadic villages and hamlets to villages and the fact that some of them are settled in the city.‌ Nomadic areas, as a cultural heritage, include special features such as local customs, customs and traditions related to nomadic life, type of housing, music, local languages and moral and spiritual values.‌ Therefore, a targeted and planned effort to preserve and revive the original cultural traditions of tribes and nomads will be beneficial both in terms of creating self-confidence among them and in terms of familiarizing them with Iranian cultures.‌ The proposed framework and strategy for the various nomadic regions of the country should be proposed in full accordance with the potential and actual talents of the region.‌ In other words, environmental talents and capabilities (water, soil, pastures, forests, mines, climate, etc.‌) will play a decisive role in the type of strategy proposed for the region.‌ The Ilsun tribes are the third largest tribal tribe in the country in terms of population composition, with 44 tribes settled in the Moghan Plain, Meshkinshahr, and Ardabil regions.‌ Vakilabad village is one of the province's tourism target villages, attracting thousands of tourists every year, and is located on the slopes of Sabalan Mountain and in the countryside of tribes of the Ilsun tribes.‌ Planning and developing nomadic tourism in this region can both ensure the sustainability of tribal life and the development of mountainous areas far from the city, prevent the migration of villagers and nomads, and encourage them to settle in villages.‌ The main goal of this research is nomadic tourism planning, in which interactive planning with a participatory rural assessment approach has been used.‌ Methodology The research method used in this study is a qualitative research method in which the participatory rural assessment method (PRA) was used to carry out interactive planning of nomadic tourism.‌ The participatory rural assessment method can be considered as enabling rural communities to control and master the rural development process, which involves rural communities in the stages of information collection, information analysis, problem identification and proposal for problem solving, and encourages active participation in all of the above-mentioned stages.‌ Results and discussion A noteworthy point regarding the Shahsoon nomads in Sardabeh Rural District is that the Jahan Khanumlu and Foladvand tribes, etc.‌, are located on the slopes of Sabalan next to the villages of the rural district, especially the village of Vakil Abad (Sardabeh), so the development and planning of nomadic tourism in this area depends on the development of rural tourism in Vakil Abad village and Sardabeh Rural District.‌ Therefore, it has been tried that in addition to the development of rural tourism in Sardabeh Rural District, special attention is also paid to nomadic tourism.‌ The greatest responsibility for planning nomadic tourism has been placed on the shoulders of the villagers themselves so that the villagers can achieve their goal of achieving sustainable development of nomadic tourism in Iran, which has been planned and developed in a participatory manner, through their participation and cooperation.‌ In order to keep this planning on the right track, it is also necessary to form a working group consisting of the nomads themselves and informed and knowledgeable individuals to take the necessary measures in this regard and monitor and control the development of tourism.‌ Programs and projects to achieve long-term goals include: a program to prepare detailed-executive plans for nomadic tourism in the region; a program to compile and prepare identity cards for each of the attractions and cultural and traditional resources of nomadic tourism; a program for mutual cooperation at the provincial and national levels in order to attract and exchange tourists; preparing and publishing programs to inform and inform the public with the aim of introducing the importance of tourism and awareness of its positive and negative effects and participation in nomadic tourism programs.‌ The following are the investment priorities: a) Preparation and development of detailed-executive plans for nomadic tourism.‌ b) Implementation of projects related to creating job opportunities.‌ d) Implementation of projects related to the development of nomadic tourism.‌ c) Implementation of projects related to the development of tourism infrastructure - water supply, electricity, waste and sewage disposal and telecommunications.‌ Conclusion The following three dimensions are necessary for the formation of sustainable rural development and tourism in the village of Vakil Abad and the nomadic countryside: 1) Active investment by local bodies and organizations, 2) Substantial investment in local and indigenous resources, and 3) Active local control.‌ Although most participants reacted positively to tourism development, most of them also expressed disappointment with the government's support for tourism.‌ According to the research objective of "Investigating the possibility of planning nomadic tourism in Sardabeh Rural District", it was confirmed that the nomads themselves have ideas about how to participate in tourism development to improve their lives, which are necessary for the government or the responsible organizations to consider the plans and opinions of the nomads themselves, which they have an opportunity to present in the regulation of tourism policies or plans.‌ Funding There is no funding support.‌ Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article.‌ All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.‌ Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.‌ Acknowledgments I would like to thank all the respected residents of Sardabeh Village. مظاهر فرهنگی زندگی عشایری در طول تاریخ در همه شئون ایران نفوذ داشته و امروزه با وجود همه این تحولات، مظاهر فرهنگی کوچ‌نشینی به‌عنوان یک زندگی سنتی به‌خصوص در مناطق خاصی حفظ‌شده است.‌ چارچوب و استراتژی پیشنهادی برای مناطق مختلف عشایری کشور به‌طور کامل باید مطابق با استعدادهای بالقوه و بالفعل منطقه ارائه شود.‌ با توجه به علاقه روزافزون گردشگران به گردشگری در فضاهای دورافتاده عشایری و با توجه به امکانات بالقوه موجود در مناطق عشایری شهرستان اردبیل، گردشگری عشایری پتانسیل‌های زیادی برای توسعه و برنامه‌ریزی گردشگری دارا است.‌ هدف اصلی این تحقیق بررسی امکان برنامه‌ریزی گردشگری عشایری در دهستان سردابه واقع در دامنه‌های سبلان است.‌ روش تحقیق مورداستفاده، روش تحقیق کیفی است که از برنامه‌ریزی تعاملی با استفاده از رهیافت ارزیابی مشارکتی روستایی و برای گردآوری اطلاعات از روش‌های مصاحبه هدایت نشده، مصاحبه هدایت‌شده (30 نمونه) و مشاهده استفاده‌شده است.‌ طبق یافته‌های تحقیق، در زمینه توریسم روستایی و عشایری، توریسم یک پروژه توسعه‌ای موفق نبوده؛ توسعه توریسم به خاطر فقدان حمایت دولتی، دچار رکود شده؛ توریسم بدون برنامه‌ریزی رشد یافته؛ افراد مقیم از توسعه توریسم، به دلیل ظاهر شدن اثرات منفی توریسم در روستا و ییلاقات از آن حمایت نمی‌کنند؛ نبود برنامه‌ریزی توریسم همواره بوده و تداوم داشته؛ توریسم دارای اثرات مثبتی بر اقتصاد و توسعه روستا است.‌ نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که توسعه خدمات گردشگری در مناطق عشایری دارای همان آثار مثبت و منفی و چالش‌های گردشگری روستایی است که با برنامه‌ریزی و کار فرهنگی می‌توان از آثار و چالش‌های آن کاست.

https://gsd.uma.ac.ir/article_3806_f759eb12fb093e415b86673b4ea702ed.pdf

دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی جغرافیا و توسعه فضایی 3060-7523 1 3 2024 10 22 Evaluating the tendency of participation of urban deteriorated fabrics residents in urban development projects: A case study of Darvazeh Ghar neighborhood of Tehran ارزیابی میزان تمایل ساکنان بافت‌های فرسوده به مشارکت در طرح‌های توسعه شهری مطالعه موردی: محله دروازه غار تهران 41 58 3805 10.22098/gsd.2025.16324.1070 FA زهرا حبیبی گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران اسماعیل آقائی زاده گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران مجید یاسوری گروه جغرافیا، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران Journal Article 2024 05 31 A B S T R A C T This research looks for study the relationship between people's participation and the effective components of urban development plans in urban deteriorated fabrics. For this purpose, the tendency of the residents of Darvazeh Ghar neighborhood (Harandi) as one of the neighborhoods located in the deteriorated fabrics of Tehran city, to participate in urban development projects has been investigated. The research method is descriptive - analytical. The required information was obtained by documentary and field study. The statistical population of the research includes all the residents of Darvazeh Ghar neighborhood. Cochran's method was used to estimate the number of samples. The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. One-sample t-test and regression method were used to analyze the findings. The findings show that in total, the participation rate of Darvaz Ghar Tehran residents is at a low level with an average of 2.6. Among the various dimensions of participation, economic participation is at the lowest level with 2.4 compared to other dimensions of participation, and then managerial participation is at the lowest level with 2.6. The social dimension is at the highest level (2.8). Although the low participation in the neighborhood of Darvazeh Ghar is the most specific finding of the current research, the participation rate of this issue is not the same among different dimensions and shows differences. What needs basic attention in the meantime is that along with creating the necessary grounds for increasing public participation, it is of fundamental importance to familiarize the officials with the positive effects of participation. Extended Abstract Introduction Today, a significant number of citizens live in urban deteriorated fabrics. Due to some shortcomings in the physical, social, economic, etc., these tissues are worn out and do not have the necessary efficiency to respond to the needs of their residents. Darvazh Ghaz neighborhood is one of the old neighborhoods of Tehran, which is now known as Harandi neighborhood, located in district 12 of Tehran municipality, and despite its historical and economic background, today it has become one of the most damaged neighborhoods in Tehran. In this neighborhood, various plans have been prepared in order to reduce the existing problems. The existence of several urban plans in the neighborhood shows the importance and necessity of planning in the dilapidated context, but despite the prepared projects and plans, Darwaz Ghar neighborhood is still facing many problems. As a result, in order to increase the quality of life of Darvaz-Ghar neighborhood and connect it with other neighborhoods of Tehran and benefit its residents from urban facilities in various fields, the need for the participation of its residents is felt. Study of participation of urban Deteriorated Fabrics Residents in urban development projects is the aim of this paper. For this purpose, the rate and Inclination of participation of urban Deteriorated Fabrics Residents in urban development projects in the Darvazeh Ghar (Harandi) neighborhood as a neighborhood located in the Deteriorated areas of Tehran has been studied. Methodology The research method is descriptive-analytical. The required information has been obtained by documentary and field methods. The statistical population of the study includes all residents in Darvazeh Ghar neighborhood and Cochran's method has been used to estimate the number of samples. The research instrument is a researcher-made questionnaire. Research Indicators have been examined with two questionnaires assessing the amount of participation and the desire to participate in the form of individual imagery, individual familiarity and consciousness, a sense of belonging and commitment, relations and solidarity, financial capital, human resources, management and law and laws. One-sample t-test and regression method were used to analyze the findings. Results and discussion Investigating participation in the personal dimension has been done with two indicators of imagine and personal attitude, familiarity and awareness of people. The findings related to the imagine index and individual attitude show that the residents have a good imagine of the result of their participation in urban projects because the average of this index was equal to 3. But in spite of having a good rate of this index, the total participation rate of Darvazeh Ghar residents is at a low level with an average of 2.6. The study of social indicators showed residents' interest in participating in urban projects because the average of this index with related items was 3.1. Residents of the Darvazeh Ghar neighborhood are not favorable in relation to the relationship index and correlation so that this index is lower than the average (2.5). In the economic dimension, in relation to the financial capital index overall, residents do not have good financial capital to participate in urban plans, because the average of this index was 2.3. Analysis of this index shows that due to the low income levels of the residents of the neighborhood there is a low financial payment and the use of government facilities for projects. The residents of the Darvazeh Ghar neighborhood are also not in good condition in relation to the human resources index, so that the index is lower than the average (2.6). Also the findings in relation to the management index for urban projects show that residents are not satisfied with the management of these projects in the neighborhood because the average index was 2.5. In the context of evaluating the desire to participate in the form of individual, social, economic, managerial dimensions, the tendency to participate in the Tehran Darvazeh Ghar is low with an average of 2.7. Among the different dimensions of the residents, the individual dimension with an average of 2.4 is at a lower level than the rest of the dimensions, and then the managerial dimension can be mentioned. The social dimension is at the highest level (3.1) and above the average, which is due to the popularity of government facilities. Conclusion The issue of citizens' participation in urban projects and projects is one of the most fundamental issues in contemporary urban planning, and efforts to maximize public participation are part of the most important strategies in this field. Although low participation in the Darvazeh Ghar neighborhood is the most specific finding of the present study, it is not the same among the different dimensions of the participation and shows differences. What requires fundamental attention is the consciousness of the authorities with the positive effects of participation at the same time as planning to increase public participation. Citizens believe that their participation in urban projects related to the neighborhood is useful, but their views may not properly prevent the negative consequences of the plan because they are not usually considered. Other important points include the economic dimension. This aspect of participation is at the rate of participation above the average level, but is at the lowest level in the evaluation of participation. These results show that residents of Darvazeh Ghar neighborhood tend to have high economic participation in their neighborhood projects, but have failed to have good economic participation due to low economic power. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. این پژوهش به دنبال مطالعه میزان تمایل ساکنین بافت‌های فرسوده شهری به مشارکت در طرح‌های توسعه شهری در بافت‌های فرسوده شهری است. برای این منظور تمایل مردم به مشارکت در طرح‌های توسعه شهری در محله دروازه غار (هرندی) به‌عنوان یکی از محله‌های واقع در بافت فرسوده شهر تهران بررسی‌شده است. روش پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی می‌باشد. اطلاعات موردنیاز با روش اسنادی و میدانی گردآوری‌شده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش، شامل ساکنین محله دروازه غار می‌باشد. برای برآورد تعداد نمونه از روش کوکران استفاده‌شده و جامعه نمونه برابر با 366 خانوار محاسبه‌شده است. ابزار پژوهش پرسشنامه محقق ساخته است. برای تحلیل یافته‌ها از آزمون t تک نمونه‌ای و روش رگرسیون استفاده‌شده است. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که در مجموع میزان مشارکت ساکنان دروازه غار تهران با میانگین 6/2 در حد پایینی قرار دارد. در بین ابعاد مختلف میزان مشارکت، مشارکت اقتصادی با 4/2 در سطح پایین‌تر نسبت به دیگر ابعاد مشارکت قرار دارد و بعد از آن مشارکت مدیریتی با 6/2 در پایین‌ترین سطح است. بعد اجتماعی در بالاترین سطح (8/2) قرار دارد. هرچند که مشارکت پایین در محله دروازه غار مشخص‌ترین یافته پژوهش حاضر است، اما در بین ابعاد مختلف میزان مشارکت این موضوع یکسان نبوده و تفاوت‌هایی را نشان می‌دهد. آنچه در این میان نیازمند توجه اساسی است، آن است که همگام با زمینه‌سازی برای افزایش مشارکت مردمی، آشنا کردن مسئولین از اثرات مثبت مشارکت از اهمیت اساسی برخوردار است.

https://gsd.uma.ac.ir/article_3805_9e74c4da52ae786beffbd2ebb8a63d1e.pdf

دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی جغرافیا و توسعه فضایی 3060-7523 1 3 2024 10 22 An Analysis of the Effects of Ecotourism on the Empowerment of Rural Areas: A case study of Kerman Township تحلیلی بر اثرات بوم گردی بر توانمندی نواحی روستایی مطالعه موردی: شهرستان کرمان 59 77 3808 10.22098/gsd.2025.16629.1078 FA سیدهادی طیب نیا گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی محیطی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران 0000-0002-4689-0550 ابوذ پایدار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی محیطی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران مرضیه پورجوپاری گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی محیطی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران Journal Article 2024 05 31 A B S T R A C T Currently, empowering villagers is one of the goals of rural tourism, and if the government cannot strengthen residents in this field, ecotourism development will not be achieved. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to analyze the effects of ecotourism on the empowerment of rural areas of Kerman. This research was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method and is an applied research type. Documentary studies and survey methods were used to collect the required information, and finally, data analysis was carried out using PLS Smart software. According to the studies, out of 521 inhabited villages in Kerman city, 27 tourist-friendly villages with ecotourism accommodations were selected as the statistical population. The Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size. Therefore, 380 researcher-made questionnaires with 75 questions were prepared, whose validity was confirmed by its face and structural method in the field of social and economic empowerment with a coefficient of 0.895 and its reliability with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.853. Due to the limited space for calculations, the questions were computed in SPSS software and reduced to 24 items, then to PLS Smart software. The results of the research showed that the impact of social empowerment on ecotourism development with a factor loading of 0.755 a t value of 298.14 an effectiveness rate of 0.426 and an overall fit of 0.482 ranked second after economic empowerment with a factor loading of 0.928 and a t value of 0.529 and an effectiveness rate of 0.524. In other words, ecotourism development has been effective in the two dimensions of economic and social empowerment. Therefore, given that the figures are close to each other, more effort should be made to provide infrastructure to strengthen this dimension of empowerment. Extended Abstract Introduction The role of skilled and efficient human resources in achieving organizational goals is undeniable. There is no doubt that a country's national wealth—more accurately, its human capital—is manifested through its skills, organizations, and motivations. Managers must correctly identify the motivational factors that drive human resources and strive to align this potential with organizational objectives. Developed human resources are a key factor and a prerequisite for achieving sustainable rural development, and without the process of empowerment, achieving development goals is impossible. One important activity that can significantly contribute to the empowerment of rural communities is ecotourism. Studies have shown that ecotourism can have considerable impacts on the social and economic empowerment of rural areas. In Kerman County, research indicates that the development of ecotourism has positively influenced both economic and social empowerment. Key aspects of these impacts include: Social empowerment: Enhancing social interactions, preserving local culture, and fostering a sense of belonging among villagers. Economic empowerment: Creating new job opportunities, increasing household incomes, and developing tourism infrastructure. Given these considerations, the aim of this study is to analyze the effects of ecotourism development on the empowerment of rural residents in Kerman County. Methodology This study employs a research method that is both applied in its aim and descriptive-analytical in nature. Based on prior studies, among the 521 inhabited villages in Kerman County, 27 tourism-oriented villages with ecotourism accommodations were selected as the statistical population. Cochran’s formula was used to determine the sample size, resulting in 380 researcher-designed questionnaires with 75 questions. Face validity was confirmed, and the structural reliability of the questionnaire was verified with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.853 for both economic and social empowerment dimensions. Due to space limitations in data analysis, the questions were reduced to 24 items and processed using SPSS, and later transferred to Smart PLS software. The primary goal of the confirmatory factor analysis (Smart-PLS) was to determine the extent to which the predefined factor model fits the observed data. In essence, this method tests the alignment between theoretical constructs and empirical measurements. Results and discussion According to the findings, ecotourism can significantly impact the economic and social empowerment of rural areas. In Kerman County, the development of ecotourism has proven to be effective in both dimensions. Social empowerment includes improved social interactions, cultural preservation, and a strengthened sense of community, while economic empowerment encompasses job creation, increased household income, and enhanced tourism infrastructure. Data were collected through surveys and interviews and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that ecotourism generally had a positive impact in both dimensions, though the extent of influence varied among different components. Most observed factor loadings were greater than 0.60, indicating a strong correlation between observed and latent variables. Conclusion Final results from the model fitting indicate that ecotourism development was successful in promoting economic empowerment (0.582) and social empowerment (0.372) in rural areas, having a meaningful impact on rural development. However, efforts should be made to improve social and cultural infrastructure to further harmonize the model's indices. These findings align with those of Hung et al. (2023) on the determinants of sustainable ecotourism based on international standards; Tiwari (2022) on the potential benefits of ecotourism and livelihood improvement; Adi Wijaya (2020) on community empowerment through rural tourism potential; Abbasi et al. (2022) on rural ecotourism entrepreneurship development models; and Parchakani & Azizi (2019) on the role of women's empowerment in ecotourism development. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. این پژوهش به روش توصیفی-تحلیلی صورت پذیرفته و از نوع پژوهش‌های کاربردی است. برای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات مورد نیاز، از مطالعات اسنادی و روش پیمایشی استفاده شده ، نهایتاً به کمک نرم‌افزار PLS Smart به تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها پرداخته شد. طبق مطالعات صورت گرفته، از بین521 روستای دارای سکنه شهرستان کرمان،27 روستای گردشگرپذیر و دارای اقامتگاه‌های بوم‌گردی به عنوان جامعه آماری انتخاب شد. جهت تعیین حجم نمونه از فرمول کوکران استفاده شده. بنابراین 380 پرسشنامه محقق ساخته با75 سوال تنظیم گردید که روایی آن به روش صوری و ساختاری آن در زمینه توانمند سازی اجتماعی و اقتصادی با ضریب 895/0 و پایایی آن با ضریب آلفای کرونباخ با مقدار 853/0 تأیید شد.با توجه به فضای محدود برای انجام محاسبات ، سوالات در نرم افزار spss کامپیوت و به 24 مورد تقلیل یافت سپس به نرم افزار PLS Smart. انتقال داده شد نتایج بدست آمده از انجام پژوهش نشان داد که میزان تاثیر توانمند سازی اجتماعی جهت توسعه بوم گردی با بار عاملی 755/0 و مقدار t (تی) 298/14 و میزان اثر پذیری آن 426/0 و برازش کلی آن که رقم 482/0 را نشان می دهد در رتبه دوم بعد از توانمند سازی اقتصادی با بار عاملی 928/0 و مقدار t(تی) 019/52 و میزان اثر پذیری آن 524/0 قرار می گیرد به عبارتی توسعه بوم گردی توانسته است در دو بعد توانمند سازی اقتصادی و اجتماعی موثر واقع افتد

https://gsd.uma.ac.ir/article_3808_24342ec018f4cc41a91f0d07124fbe57.pdf

دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی جغرافیا و توسعه فضایی 3060-7523 1 3 2024 11 06 Effective Factors of Population Mobility on Spatial Balance of Qazvin Conurbation With Emphasis on Regional Transportation بررسی مؤلفه‌های مؤثر بر جریان‌های جمعیتی در تعادل بخشی فضایی مجموعه شهری قزوین تأکید بر حمل‌ونقل منطقه‌ای 79 98 3707 10.22098/gsd.2025.16673.1079 FA رضا خیرالدین گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران سینا اشکور دلیلی گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران 0000-0003-1122-2373 Journal Article 2024 05 31 A B S T R A C T Studying and evaluating the main factors affecting the commuting patterns of conurbation, by taking environmental potentials, population, existing status, activity poles, population centers, traffic volume, and transportation into account to analyze the observations, data, documentation, and information obtained from relevant organizations. Accordingly, this research has evaluated the towns and villages of the Qazvin conurbation with the help of four factors of average household size, average household income, average unit price of housing, and activity rate. Considering the spatial structure of connection networks, location and distance of towns from the city center (Qazvin) and the rate of changes of the factors have been analyzed. The type of present research is applied, the paradigm governing the research space is also of a positivist nature, the purpose or approach of the research attained with the help of analyzing data and information is descriptive as well. In terms of research strategy, our research benefits from deductive reasoning. In terms of method, it uses mixed method. Accordingly, in order to change the commuting pattern, we know that the volume of transportation is in direct relationship with spatial balancing of the structure of the Qazvin conurbation with the factors of household income. The price of newly built housing units and the rate of activity, and it is in inverse relationship and with the household factor. Therefore, the spatial mobility of the population from the surrounding towns to Qazvin and Alvand is high. Extended Abstract Introduction Considering the high number of employees in industrial service sector in Qazvin conurbation as well as the existence of numerous problems such as air pollution, high population density and high unemployment, traffic and lack of optimal utilization of agricultural and tourism capacities, non-balanced distribution pattern of service activities and the identification of capability points seems necessary in the transition from the main centers of activity towards these sub-centers in order to decentralize, and transfer the population and workers from the main centers to these points to improve the economic, social and biological conditions. In this regard, there is a need for analyzing the amount of population mobility in the Qazvin conurbation due to the lack of balanced distribution of activities in the region, low activity in peripheral towns, and the price of housing units and so on. There are many factors in creating the uncompetitive space in a conurbation. In terms of the importance, the impact of factors, the study of the factors of previous research and theoretical framework related to the area, the four main factors of household income, the prices of newly built housing units, household size, and activity rates with respect to distance from the city center (Qazvin city) have been studied. Methodology The present study is of an applied nature, due to direct encounter with the sample and analysis of its changes based on existing foundations. The paradigm of the research space is positivist. The approach is descriptive by analyzing data. In terms of the research strategy we are dealing with a kind of deductive reasoning. Its method also is a mixed method, the research required data be collected and analyzed by the above criteria. In this regard, using quantitative methods, four factors are considered as the main index: analyzing the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) in SPSS, the correlation coefficients of the factors are calculated relative to the distance from the central city. Finally, with the help of these analyses, the process of factor changes is shown in relation to the distance from the central city. From a spatial perspective, the investigated factors are represented spatially using the ArcGIS tool. In demographic network analysis, with the help of network analysis, a graphical representation of circles and lines is used. Circles are also used to display points, factors, and lines to show the relationship between these points. This method has been used to analyze the network of transportation and infrastructure of Qazvin conurbation in order to show the amount of connections and spatial mobility in this area, analysis of the distribution of spatial mobility, and the amount of connection between community centers and activities. At the end of this process, the proposed spatial structure of the area has been addressed. Results and discussion Considering the analysis of the change in household size and the distance from the center, and the average household income, it can be concluded that the household size in the cities of Qazvin and Alvand is lower than the other towns. On the other hand, the average income in these two cities is higher than cities that are far from a central city. It also indicates that families with a high average income are located in central cities with fewer family members. It can be said that the amount of income does not necessarily contribute to the rise of the population. In the cities of Qazvin and Mohammadiyeh, the cost of buying a housing unit is higher than the other towns, and the city of Qazvin has a very high activity rate due to its central role in economic, political and other fields. The rate of activity of the city of Mohammadiyeh is lower than the other cities due to the newness of the city, and its role of dormitory. Other cities generally located far from the city center, have a low activity rate, and a lower price for the housing unit. Conclusion This will change the population courses in all cities and leads to some kind of spatial imbalance in the conurbation. The main reasons for this are so many, but most of them are related to housing and employment. The factors of the average household income, the price of the housing unit, the activity rate, and the household size are part of other factors that are used to analyze the network. The amount of population flow in conurbations is also used to measure the amount of commuting and spatial mobility to analyze the distribution of spatial mobility. Accordingly, it has changed the volume of transportation (vehicles) contributing to the balance in the structure of Qazvin urban complex which has a direct relationship with the factors of household income, the price of new housing units and the rate of activity. It has also a reverse relationship with the household dimension factor. For this reason, the population mobility from peripheral cities to Qazvin and Alvand is high. What is outlined in the analysis is that low-income and large households have been settled in far-away towns with lower housing unit prices. Because of the low rates of activity in the towns such as Bidestan, Sharafiyeh, Eghbaliyeh, and Mohammadiyeh, the population mobility direction has been from such towns to the cities with a high concentration of activities like Alvand and Qazvin. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. تحلیل الگوی آمدوشد در شهرهای یک مجموعه شهری نیاز به شناخت و سنجش مؤلفه‌های اجتماعی، اقتصادی، زیست‌محیطی و ... زیادی دارد. شناخت و سنجش مؤلفه‌های اصلی مؤثر بر الگوهای آمدوشد در شهرهای مجموعه‌های شهری با در نظرگیری پتانسیل‌های محیطی، جمعیت استقراریافته وضع موجود و قطب‌های فعالیتی و مراکز جمعیتی، حجم ترافیک و حمل‌ونقل درصدد است که با استفاده از داده‌ها و مشاهدات میدانی و همچنین بر اساس مستندات و اطلاعات برگرفته از سازمان‌های ذی‌ربط به تجزیه‌وتحلیل بپردازد. این پژوهش درصدد است که با کمک 4 مؤلفه اصلی متوسط بعد خانوار، میانگین درآمد خانوار، میانگین قیمت واحد مسکونی و نرخ فعالیت شهرها و دهستان‌های مجموعه شهری قزوین با دارا بودن یک شهر اصلی و 6 شهر پیرامونی با توجه به ساختار فضایی شبکه‌های ارتباطی و موقعیت قرارگیری و فاصله شهرها از مرکز به بررسی و تجزیه‌وتحلیل پرداخته و درنهایت میزان تغییرات نرخ مؤلفه‌ها با توجه به فاصله شهرها از شهر مرکز (قزوین) به دست آورد. پژوهش حاضر از نوع کاربردی است، پارادایم حاکم بر فضای پژوهش نیز از نوع اثبات‌گرا، هدف یا رویکرد آن توصیف محور با کمک تحلیل داده‌ها و اطلاعات و ازنظر استراتژی پژوهش، از نوع استدلال قیاسی و ازلحاظ روش نیز ترکیبی است؛ بر این اساس تغییر آمدوشد، میزان حجم حمل‌ونقل به تعادل بخشی در ساختار مجموعه شهری قزوین با مؤلفه‌های درآمد خانوار، قیمت واحدهای مسکونی نوساز و نرخ فعالیت رابطه مستقیم و با مؤلفه بعد خانوار رابطه معکوس دارد، در نهایت جریان فضایی جمعیتی از شهرهای پیرامونی به شهر قزوین و الوند بالا می‌باشد

https://gsd.uma.ac.ir/article_3707_a137a14be028d9f2b4bf1dc9cb6cd6d6.pdf

دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی جغرافیا و توسعه فضایی 3060-7523 1 3 2024 11 06 An analysis of spatial inequalities based on social indices in Tabriz metropolitan تحلیلی بر نابرابری‌های فضایی بر پایه شاخص‌های اجتماعی در کلان‌شهر تبریز 99 113 3807 10.22098/gsd.2025.16622.1077 FA حیدر لطفی گروه جغرافیای سیاسی، واحد گرمسار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرمسار، ایران آرزو مرادی گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران Journal Article 2024 05 31 A B S T R A C T Inequality in many countries is considered a major challenge to development, especially for those countries whose sovereignty includes vast geographical areas. These inequalities are a serious threat to obtain balanced development of regions, and makes it difficult to achieve national unity and integrity. So, addressing the issue of spatial justice and, consequently, spatial inequality in urban issues has been of great significance. This research has considered spatial analysis of inequalities in Tabriz metropolitan by considering social indices in 2023In this applied research a descriptive-analytic method was used. The spatial auto-correlation technique was used to identify and measure the inequality by using hot spot analysis in ArcGIS software. In order to understand the scope of study from the perspective of spatial inequalities, data from statistical blocks of 2023 and nine social indices have been used. Also, findings of research indicated that Tabriz does not have a suitable status in terms of the distribution of social indices. According to the results, in the distribution of social inequalities, the largest number of urban blocks are related to very deprived and deprived blocks, and only a small number of urban blocks are completely possessed ones. Also, the results of spatial inequality zonation based on social indices revealed that completely deprived urban blocks have expanded in the marginal blocks of Tabriz, while moderate and completely possessed blocks are expanded towards the blocks inside the city. Also, the distribution of blocks in terms of desirability is in clustered form and has spatial correlation. Extended Abstract Introduction From geographical point of view, social justice of any city is synonymous with equitable distribution of resources and facilities between urban areas and the equal access of citizens to them, because their lack of fair distribution will lead to social crises and complex spatial problems (Sharifi, 2006: 6). On the other hand, the issue of inequality in many countries is considered a major challenge to development, especially for those countries whose sovereignty includes vast geographical areas. These inequalities are a serious threat to obtain balanced development of regions, and makes it difficult to achieve national unity and integrity (Shankar & Shah, 2003: 1432). In the meantime, social inequality in the urban environment is the result of differential access of the city to valuable social resources such as wealth, power, dignity and cultural capitals. The initial meaning of inequality refers to the distinction between individuals, so there is a clear difference between their lives, especially in terms of rights, life opportunities, rewards and privileges. In each society, inequality occurs in a variety of ways, and usually inequality and stratification happen in urban areas more than rural areas (Chen & Sun, 2006: 521). The necessity of research Urban unequal spaces make unequal opportunities available to residents of different regions, unequal distribution of welfare services, formation and growth of worn-out areas, urban slums. Urban decline and deprivation are considered as the main consequences of inequality in urban areas (Khalu Bagheri, 2012: 51). Therefore, due to the importance of this subject and mentioned issues, the present study has been designed to analyze the spatial inequality based on social indices in Tabriz metropolitan. Research objective In addition to the identification of unequal areas and blocks and achieving the amount of inequality between blocks and urban cells. questions Is there spatial inequalities based on social indices in Tabriz? How is spatial distribution of these inequalities? Methodology In terms of aim, this study is an applied one and regarding the nature and method of research it is descriptive and analytical. The sample of study was Tabriz in 2023. According to Statistical Database Blocks of 2023 social indices have been extracted. To illustrate the state of social inequality, spatial autocorrelation techniques and hot spot analysis have been used in ArcGIS software. Moran's statistic was to analyze the pattern of social inequality dispersion. Also, for zoning social inequality based on social indices, ArcGIS software was used. Results and discussion The results of the present study, which was based on the zoning of spatial inequality based on social indicators, show that deprived and completely deprived urban blocks have expanded in the marginal blocks of Tabriz city, while the average, well-off and completely well-off blocks have expanded towards the blocks inside the city. Also, the distribution of blocks in terms of desirability is clustered and has spatial correlation. While Duncan et al. (2012), in an article titled “Space, Race, and Poverty: Spatial Inequalities in Neighborhood Walkability Amenities?” have concluded that significant spatial autocorrelation has been found in the study area, but they lack neighborhood walkability amenities. Also, the Spearman correlation value between the socio-demographic characteristics of the neighborhood and neighborhood walkability amenities was not significant. And Nikpour et al. (2015), in an article titled “Spatial Analysis and Study of Social Inequalities in Urban Areas with a Low-Meterage City Approach, Case Study: Babol City,” concluded that the distribution and dispersion of development indicators in Babol City shows a kind of spatial imbalance, and the central areas of the city have a higher level of development than the peripheral and semi-peripheral areas, and a significant difference is seen between the development coefficient between regions based on the classification of building density; so that the average of this coefficient is higher in low-meterage areas than in low-meterage areas. Finally, regions 3 and 4 are identified as developed regions and regions 6 and 9 as less developed regions of Babol City. Conclusion Expansion of spatial-local inequality in the cities of Iran, especially in Tabriz, embraces a growing trend, which requires conscious actions to prevent the spread of this phenomenon. The present study attempted to investigate the process of cellular inequality in Tabriz and tried to identify the inequality organization and recited its trend by analyzing the spatial statistics. Spatial-local inequality indicates that we need a coherent planning for this crisis. The present study suggests some recommendations based on its findings. We hope to provide a basis for removing the barriers and problems of the society. Findings of the research show that in the distribution of inequalities, the highest number of our urban blocks based on social indices are related to very deprived blocks and they have devoted 46% of total urban blocks to themselves. After theses blocks, we have deprived blocks with 19% of total blocks, and the smallest number of urban blocks are related to fully possessed blocks that include only 6% of total blocks. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper. مسئله نابرابری در بسیاری از کشورها، چالشی اساسی در مسیر توسعه می‌باشد؛ به‌ویژه برای آن دسته از کشورها که قلمرو حاکمیت آن‌ها مناطق جغرافیایی وسیعی را شامل می‌شود. این نابرابری‌ها، تهدیدی جدی برای حصول توسعه متعادل و متوازن مناطق است ازاین‌رو پرداختن به موضوع عدالت فضایی و به‌تبع آن نابرابری فضایی در مباحث شهری اهمیت بسزایی یافته است. هدف از پژوهش تحلیل فضایی نابرابری‌ها در کلان‌شهر تبریز با توجه به شاخص‌های اجتماعی در سال 1401 می‌باشد. روش پژوهش، کاربردی از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی است که برای شناخت و سنجش نابرابری از تکنیک خودهمبستگی فضایی با استفاده از تحلیل لکه‌های داغ در نرم‌افزار Arc/GIS استفاده گردیده است. برای شناخت محدوده موردمطالعه از منظر نابرابری‌های فضایی از اطلاعات بلوک‌های آماری سال 1401 و از 9 شاخص اجتماعی استفاده گردیده است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که کلان‌شهر تبریز از نظر وضعیت پراکنش شاخص‌های اجتماعی از وضعیت مناسبی برخوردار نیست. بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش، در توزیع نابرابری اجتماعی بیشترین تعداد بلوک‌های شهری به بلوک‌های خیلی محروم و محروم هستند و تنها تعداد ناچیزی از بلوک‌های شهری را بلوک‌های کاملاً برخوردار به خود اختصاص داده است. نتیجه مربوط به پهنه‌بندی نابرابری فضایی بر اساس شاخص‌های اجتماعی نشان می‌دهد که بلوک‌های شهری کاملاً محروم در بلوک‌های حاشیه‌ای شهر تبریز گسترش‌یافته‌اند درحالی‌که بلوک‌های متوسط، برخوردار و کاملاً برخوردار به سمت بلوک‌های داخل شهر گسترش‌یافته‌اند. همچنین نحوه توزیع بلوک‌ها از نظر مطلوبیت به‌صورت خوشه‌ای بوده و دارای همبستگی فضایی می‌باشد.

https://gsd.uma.ac.ir/article_3807_bf945ee313de884c9ed29ae786c0f63c.pdf